OpenAI’s latest research paper diagnoses exactly why ChatGPT and other large language models can make things up – known in the world of artificial intelligence as “hallucination”. It also reveals why the problem may be unfixable, at least as far as consumers are concerned. The paper provides the most rigorous mathematical explanation yet for why these models confidently state falsehoods. It demonstrates that these aren’t just an unfortunate side effect of the way that AIs are currently trained, but are mathematically inevitable.

Microsoft will remove programmatic volume discounts for its SaaS products, including Microsoft 365, from November 1, 2025. A new Gartner report states enterprise organisations can expect list price rises of up to 13.6%. The change impacts customers with Enterprise Agreements (EAs).

Swiss research institutions have released Apertus, claimed to be one of the world's largest fully open-source large language models, designed with transparency and regulatory compliance as core principles.